Presentan proyecto de ley busca terminar con las AFP y nacionalizar los fondos de pensiones
- Por Felipe Pinochet.
El 29 de abril recién pasado un grupo de senadores de oposición ingresó oficialmente a la oficina de partes del Congreso Nacional un proyecto de ley que busca eliminar las Administradoras de los Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) y reemplazarlas por el Instituto de Seguridad Social de Chile, institución descentralizada y pública que elimina el decreto de ley 3.500 que dio origen a las AFP en la década del 80, esto con el fin de nacionalizar los fondos de pensiones.
La iniciativa presentada por los senadores Ximena Órdenes (PPD), Alejandro Navarro (País Progresista), Alfonso de Urresti (PS), Juan Ignacio Latorre (RD) y Yasna Provoste (DC), considera una serie de 13 artículos para transformar el actual sistema a uno estatal, considera la creación de uno de Pensiones Solidarias, que contemplará la Pensión Básica Universal, Pensión de Vejez, Pensión de Invalidez y Pensión de Sobrevivencia, mientras que la Pensión Básica Universal será equivalente al Salario Mínimo Garantizado.
Para la parlamentaria DC Yasna Provoste, esta iniciativa “no solo pretende la derogación del decreto 3.500, sino también de cómo llegamos a un sistema de pensiones solidario, con una administración pública que tenga como propósito pagar pensiones dignas a los chilenos. El 60% de los países que privatizó su sistema previsional, ya lo han revertido. Hoy es el día para este debate”.
El sistema actual y sus efectos
Este proyecto también afectaría a los grandes inversionistas que han obtenido ganancias con el actual sistema. En este contexto, la investigación de Fundación SOL sobre las ganancias de las AFP durante el 2019, revela que Banco de Chile, perteneciente al Grupo Luksic, es la institución financiera que recibe la inversión más alta con US$6.714 millones; lo sigue Banco Santander que acumula US$6.276 millones; Banco Scotiabank (Grupo Said) con una inversión de US$5.414 millones; Banco Itaú-Corpbanca (Grupo Saieh), con US$5.394 millones; y Banco de Crédito e Inversiones controlado por el Grupo Yarur, con US$5.008 millones.
Recaredo Gálvez, investigador de Fundación SOL y uno de los autores del estudio, señaló que “este modelo previsional deja dos grandes ganadores, por un lado, las AFP, que en el año 2019 aumentaron sus utilidades en un 59% respecto al 2018 y, por otro, los grandes grupos económicos que operan en Chile, los cuales reciben financiamiento fresco desde los fondos de pensiones de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Las bajas pensiones que reciben las personas jubiladas en Chile, contrastan fuertemente con los beneficios que los grupos económicos pueden obtener al recibir inversión directa desde los fondos de pensiones. Estos conglomerados, junto a las propias AFP y a las Compañías de Seguro, son los únicos y grandes ganadores que arroja el sistema de capitalización individual, luego de casi 40 años de funcionamiento”.
En tanto, para Marco Kremerman, investigador de Fundación SOL y también autor del estudio, sostuvo que el actual sistema debiese ser transformado debido a que “los trabajadores chilenos, sin que nadie les haya preguntado, financian con sus cotizaciones a los bancos pertenecientes a los grupos Luksic, Matte, Yarur, Saieh y a otros grupos multinacionales los cuales pagan tasas de interés cercanas al 2% anual. Paradójicamente, esos mismos trabajadores cuando piden un crédito de consumo a estos bancos deben pagar tasas de interés anuales que pueden superar el 20%, 30% e incluso el 40%”.
Por otra parte el, representante de No+AFP, Luis Mesina, tras la noticia de este proyecto en el Senado, expresó que “estoy muy contento y conforme, que después de 39 años un grupo de senadores de la República haya acogido la demanda de avanzar a la restitución de un derecho”.
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