El mercado inmobiliario chileno y precios que no hacen sentido a la actual crisis

  • Durante varios meses hemos experimentado una aguda crisis económica relacionada con la pandemia del coronavirus. A diferencia de lo que uno puede imaginarse, los precios de las viviendas no han disminuido, lo que según Danyelo Oteiza Aguirre, joven emprendedor inmobiliario, nos explica por qué no tiene sentido, ya que la demanda ha bajado mucho durante estos meses. 

 

El “sueño de la casa propia” es una frase que por muchos años ha circulado en el imaginario social de los chilenos, ya que representa una de las grandes metas de cada ciudadano. Sin embargo, con el pasar de los años ese sueño parece cada vez más difícil debido a las constantes alzas que han sufrido las viviendas. Si hace 10 años comprar una casa salía 50 millones de pesos, hoy un inmueble de las mismas características sale más del doble.

 

El emprendedor inmobiliario Danyelo Oteiza Aguirre, explicó que con la pandemia se creyó que las viviendas bajarían de precio, pero no terminó siendo así: “Una gran baja en la demanda de casas y departamentos debió haberse traducido en una disminución del valor de las viviendas, pero no fue así. Los precios siguieron iguales, e incluso, ya se pronostica que puedan subir”. 

 

Pero, ¿cómo se explica este fenómeno? Algunos antecedentes:

 

Crisis de 2008 vs crisis actual

Retrocedamos 12 años en el tiempo. En 2008 inició con una cruda crisis económica que afectó a varios mercados del mundo y que se originó en Estados Unidos. Junto a la quiebra de varias empresas multinacionales y una feroz subida del petróleo, esta gran crisis tuvo increíblemente un efecto positivo en nuestras tierras: ofertas espectaculares para comprar casas y departamentos.

 

Esto se debió básicamente porque las inmobiliarias necesitaban vender cuanto antes las unidades que quedaban pendientes antes de que la crisis afectara de golpe a nuestro país. ¿Por qué no ha sucedido lo mismo hoy? Varios expertos han dado su opinión, pero la mayoría coincide en que las unidades que se venden hoy en día no están terminadas, por lo que los pagos se realizarán de aquí a 10 meses, cuando la crisis ya haya terminado.

 

“Es cierto que los precios han subido por distintos factores. Pero creo que las grandes empresas se han aprovechado inflando demasiado los precios. Yo que me dedico a esto se cuánto cuesta construir una casa y no creo que un departamento de unos pocos metros cuadrados cueste más de 100 millones de pesos”, comentó Danyelo Oteiza Aguirre.

 

Factores que han incidido en el alza sostenida

No obstante, a pesar de que evidentemente ha existido un alza progresiva durante los últimos diez años, todo tiene una explicación. Por un lado, los terrenos que existen para construir viviendas son cada vez más escasos, por lo que conseguir un buen terreno para construir ─central y no apartado de la urbe─ es mucho más caro que antes.

 

Por ejemplo, el costo por metro cuadrado de un departamento hoy cuesta alrededor de 78 UF, cuando hace diez años costaba 36 UF aproximadamente. En las casas ha sucedido algo similar, aumentando de 30 UF por metro cuadrado a 65 UF. A lo anterior, se suma que los diferentes municipios han establecido mayores restricciones a la hora de construir viviendas, especialmente relacionadas con la altura de las construcciones.

 

Además, se debe sumar que con el pasar de los años los materiales de construcción han aumentado su valor y en ciertos momentos el número de trabajadores de la construcción fue mucho menor que hoy, por lo que también permitió el aumento de los precios.

 

“En mi opinión, una de las formas para que las viviendas sean más accesibles para las personas, es que el Estado tome cartas en el asunto. Una medida es que tenga la capacidad de regular el valor de las UF por metro cuadrado. Como hoy no la tiene, se queda de brazos cruzados”, finalizó Danyelo Oteiza Aguirre. 

 

 

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